مجله پژوهش پرستاری ایران
پیاپی 76 (فروردین و اردیبهشت 1401)

Infertility is an issue that can have social considerations in addition to individual, marital and family aspects. The aim of this study was to investigate and explain the social issues related to the quality of married life of infertile couples.

This study was conducted with a qualitative approach and the data were conducted through a semi-structured exploratory interview with 15 infertile couples who were purposefully selected from those referred to Yazd Infertility Treatment Center. The data obtained from each interview were saturated in the second time of checking the interview with the research actors. thematic analysis method was used to encode and analyze the data.

According to the analysis of the answers provided, the social themes related to the quality of married life can be divided into 192 primary (raw) concepts, 17 categories, 6 sub-themes and three main themes that include "General awareness of infertility and communication. Social "," access to health-counseling services and responsible treatment of medical staff "and" economic facilities of the community ".

Different social themes affect the quality of marriage - which is one of the important variables in marital relationships -, paying attention to the role of these themes and planning for them play an important role in improving the marital quality of couples. The results of this study can be applied to couples therapists and family counselors, medical staff and health professionals and all officials who are somehow related to the issue of infertility in relation to the effects on the quality of life of infertile couples and relevant interventions to be effective in increasing the quality of married life of infertile couples.

Breast cancer is the most common and effective cancer in women, which causes deep emotional and emotional problems that, can affect their psychological well-being. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of negative spontaneous thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes in psychological well-being mediated by perceived stress in women with breast cancer.

The present study was a descriptive structural equation. The statistical population of this study was all women with breast cancer treated in medical centers and specialized hospitals for cancer diagnosis and treatment in Tehran in the second quarter of 2020; 278 eligible women who volunteered to participate in the study were selected from the mentioned population based on Gujrasi and Morgan table by available sampling method. Tools used included the Hollen and Kendall (1980) Negative Self-Thought Questionnaire, Weiserman and Beck (1978), Reef Psychological Well-Being (1989), and Cohen et al. (1983) Perceived Stress. Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data using SPSS-24 and AMOS-24 software.

The results showed that the direct effect of negative spontaneous thoughts, dysfunctional attitudes and perceived stress on psychological well-being was significant (p <0.01). The direct effect of negative spontaneous thoughts on perceived stress and dysfunctional attitudes on perceived stress was significant (p <0.01). Also, the indirect effect of negative spontaneous thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes mediated by perceived stress on psychological well-being was significant (p <0.01).

The results showed that the structural model of the research fits with the collected data. Therefore, the attention of health officials and managers to the role of effective factors in promoting and improving the psychological well-being of women with breast cancer is one of the necessities of this study.

Hemodialysis patients on the one hand due to many physical problems, the presence of fistulas or shunts, dietary and drug restrictions and on the other hand due to stress, are not in a good mental state and complex physical problems related to treatment and disease and The long process of the disease before dialysis affects their mental state. Participatory care model is one of the new methods of self-care education. Participatory decision making is recognized as an ethical and spiritual standard in medical decision making, so that patient participation in care and disease management decisions is associated with high patient satisfaction and improvement of treatment outcomes in chronic diseases. Considering the effect of participatory care model on reducing mental and psychological problems of people with chronic diseases, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of implementing participatory care model on psychological well-being of hemodialysis patients.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The sample consisted of 66 eligible hemodialysis patients of Imam Reza Hospital in Amol city in 1399 who were randomly assigned to two intervention groups (33 patients) and control (33 patients). Ryff Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire was used to collect data, which was completed by pre-test and post-test by research units. During 2 months, the participatory care model based on Mohammadi model (2002), the steps of Motivation, Reading, Involvement and Evaluation were performed in the intervention group and the control group received routine care. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon statistical tests with symptomatic rank, independent t-test and SPSS Software 22.

Data analysis showed that, the two groups did not have a statistically significant difference in terms of demographic variables. Psychological well-being in the experimental group before the intervention, 3/37 ± 0/37, to 3/98 ± 0/78 after the intervention increased that t-test indicated a significant difference statistically rate of psychological well-being before and after the Group Intervened (p <0.001). Psychological well-being in the control group changed from 3/42 ± 0/49 before the intervention to 3/39 ± 0/38 after the intervention, but no statistically significant difference was observed in the control group in terms of psychological well-being.

The findings show that the participatory care model has increased the psychological well-being of hemodialysis patients. According to the results, it is recommended that nurses use this Model of care as a simple, low-cost method compared to other cognitive therapies in the care of hemodialysis patients.

Women with fear have a more complex labor process and are usually hospitalized in the latent phase and their labor is longer. Considering several studies on the prevalence and causes of fear of childbirth and differences in their results, the present study was conducted with the aim of systematically reviewing studies on the prevalence and causes of fear of childbirth in Iran.

In this study, in order to obtain related articles, databases from SID, Iran Medex, Pubmed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopuse, Science direct, Google Scholar were searched. To find related articles, Persian sources with the keywords prevalence, fear, childbirth, Iran, cesarean section, vaginal delivery, natural childbirth and English sources with the keywords iran, prevalence, fear of childbirth, NVD, Cesarean and all possible combinations of these words with Boolean OR operators. AND were examined without time limit. The JBI checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the articles.

Out of 315 articles found, finally 15 studies (with a sample size of 4047 people) were systematically reviewed. Fear of labor pain was the most commonly reported factor among the studies, which was reported at 26-87%. The prevalence of fear was higher in young, employed and highly educated women, primiparous as well as in women without receiving pregnancy counseling.

The prevalence of fear of childbirth ranged from 17.3% to 89.30%. The lowest prevalence of fear of childbirth was in Talesh with 17.3% and the highest prevalence was in Tuyserkan with 89.30%. Fear of labor pain The most commonly reported cause was fear of labor. Concern about fetal-neonatal and maternal complications of childbirth was another important cause of fear of childbirth

Training nursing staff with the necessary skills for effective clinical practice, efficient and appropriate care is essential which requires the promotion of nursing education so the aim of comparative comparison of undergraduate nursing education programs in China and Iran.

This descriptive-comparative study was conducted in 1399 with a search in Persian and English databases based on Bereday model in four stages of description, interpretation, proximity and comparison.

Nursing education programs are different in both countries. China's advantages are its attention to international languages from pre-school basis of globalization, communication and internationalization in the philosophy of the discipline and the important place of traditional Chinese medicine courses and  disadvantages: long periods of study, lack of independent nursing, training by physicians, and late bedside. Advantages of Iran: Detailed explanation of all the elements of the course, starting the internship and attending the students' bedside from the beginning of studying and teaching nursing courses by nursing specialists.

Common challenges due to the many similarities between the two countries' education are: student admission through a national exam without an interview, The presence of final year students in the clinic alone and the shortage of nurses due to the aging population, has led to an increase in the number of admissions to universities that require quality assurance. Therefore, it is suggested to plan and implement an appropriate solution for the challenges.

The most important event in the doctoral course is the completion and defense of the dissertation, which leads to learning and improving the necessary skills to conduct research and improve performance in the field. Evaluating a doctoral dissertation defense program helps to identify the strengths and weaknesses of this process. Therefore, this comparative study has investigated the thesis defense process in Iran and top American universities.

The present study is a descriptive-comparative study that was conducted in 2021-2022. After receiving the doctoral dissertation defense program of Iran and American universities from related reputable sites, a comparison was made using the Bereday’s model.

In the universities of medical sciences of both countries, there is a specific schedule for the oral, written defense and publication of the dissertation. In Iran, before defending a dissertation, it is required to publish the article, in the United States, it is sufficient for the article to be ready to be sent and published. Doctoral dissertation in Iranian and American universities of medical sciences is often a qualitative research and a small number of mix methods. Conclusion In Iran, the number of units allocated to the dissertation is almost half of the educational units, and the obligation to publish articles before defending the dissertation has led to a longer doctoral course. According to the main philosophy of this course, which is to train professors, researchers and leaders in the nursing profession and solve clinical problems, the lack of attention to education and directing doctoral students only towards research areas is contradictory to the main goals of this course.

In the universities of medical sciences in both countries, there is a mandatory course such as quantitative and qualitative research methods before obtaining a dissertation unit, a specific schedule for completing the steps, obtaining a degree subject to oral and written presentation and publishing a dissertation article. In Iran, before defending a dissertation, it is required to publish the article, but in the United States, it is sufficient for the article to be ready for submission and publication. The doctoral dissertation on nursing in Iranian and American universities of medical sciences is often a qualitative research and a small number of combined research.

In Iran, the number of units allocated to the dissertation is almost equal to half of the educational units. Considering the main philosophy of this course, which is to train professors, researchers and leaders in the nursing profession and solve clinical problems, it seems that little attention is paid to teaching and directing doctoral students only towards research areas with the main goals of this course. Is contradictory. Also in Iran, the requirement to publish articles before defending the dissertation has led to a longer doctoral program.

 Many child labors have impaired self-esteem, which leads to poor academic performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of self-esteem promotion program on academic performance in child labors.

In this quasi-experimental study, 60 child labors chidren were selected in two centers for support of cgild labor in Bazar and Khavaran, In the intervention group, enhancing self-esteem (ESE) program were presented at 18 training session. In the control group, only the routine trainings of the centers were given. Data collection tools were Cooper-Smith Self-Esteem Questionnaire and Academic Performance Questionnaire, which were completed before the intervention, immediately, one month after the intervention and three months after the intervention (six months in total) by groups.

Most of the children in the intervention and control groups were 13 years old, boys, and have vendor job. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in self-esteem and academic performance scores before the intervention (p > 0.05). The self-esteem and academic performance scores of children in the intervention group was better than the score of children in the control group over time within 6 months of the study (p <0.001).

The results of this study showed that the enhancing self-esteem program improves the self-esteem of child labor. In addition, the enhancing self-esteem program promotes children's academic performance.